Traditional Jewelry by Country - Explore The Fascinating Cultures From All Around The World

A 24 karat gold in Asia is the same as a 24 karat gold in Europe. What makes them different is the intricacy and the story behind the designs that make them unique to each culture and tradition of every country. Jewelry is a universal adornment to enhance one's beauty. It was also a form of currency, status symbol, and even a tool for everyday lives. Some traditional jewelry was also used as a source of power or for protection, more for their ethereal use rather than for aesthetics.

Each country has its own distinct traditional jewelry that speaks about its history and culture. At present, only a few countries have kept their tradition alive shown on their jewelry. Some of the most popular are traditional Indian, Arabic, African, and Chinese jewelry. This is because we can identify their origin based on their unique design as well as the material used. Let go around the world and rediscover the traditional jewelry of each country and state, and what they are known for today.

Afghanistan

Afghan jewelry designs are described as chunky that complements the Gandi Afghani. Their large tribal jewelry design came from the Kochi tribe of Afghanistan. These are made with string and robust materials suitable to their lifestyle. It is a well-known fact that the highlands of Afghanistan are rich in precious colored stones like rubies, emeralds, garnets, and lapis lazuli.

Kochi / Nomadic Jewelry

 

By Todd Huffman 

Characterized by a bold and big design worn on their wedding day and on special occasions. These symbolize a nomad's way of life. Expensive pieces of jewelry are worn on special occasion adorned with precious carved gemstones found in highlands.

For their daily wear, accessories made from imported beads were used. Imported beads or moras, together with coins, were strung together by cotton fibers. 

Earrings

Typically designed with floral and lattice patterns with colorful beads or gemstones.

Chokers and Fringe Necklaces

Fringe necklaces made from Mora and metal chains. These are large pieces extending to the bossom area like a fringed bib necklace.

Algeria

Algerian jewelry comes from an Islamic tradition due to the arrival of Islam religion.

 Michel-georges bernard / CC BY-SA

These are made from a silver base coated with vibrant colors of nature, such as green, yellow, and blue. - Thaasabt

Algerian tiaras are commonly adorned with cabochon-coral gems, enamel, and silver.

Thimangouchin

Algerian earrings, usually hook chandelier earrings decorated with colorful enamel, gemstones, fashioned from a metal base.

Acherour

Algerian necklace that is sometimes decorated with some sort of fragrant seeds or flowers, which also serves ad perfume.

Avezim

Algerian brooch that is given and placed near the newborn or by the bed of the mother.

Akjelkhal

Algerian anklet to emphasize their delicate ankles.

Chaoui jewelry

These are more simple when compared to the Kabyles jewelry. Made from a silver base with detailed engraving rather than encrusted or coated with enamels and gemstones.

Earring

 

By Jean-Pierre Dalbéra from Paris, France - Boucles d'oreilles berbères (Exposition Résistances au Musée de l'Homme), CC BY 2.0

Touareg Jewelry

Touareg jewelry shows the traditional nature of the Touaregs that lives in the Sahara desert. They are creative artisans that each design is furnished with a deeper meaning. An example is the Agadez or air cross, which is passed from the father to his son when he reaches the age of fifteen. This denotes that the son is now free to travel anywhere, represented by the four arrows comparable to a compass.

Tcherot or a talisman necklace engraved with a Quran script is used to protect both men and women.

The triangular pendants adorned on a Shat-Shat necklace given by a man to a woman represents the intention to marry for a triangle that symbolizes a family.

Tiemcem Jewelry

The unison of Roman, Arab, and Ottoman cultures can be seen on the Tiemcem jewelry. These are festive in appearance, richly adorned with pearls, to shield the bride from the evil spirits. The thick necklace is worn with a crown-like golden headpiece, bracelets, and a pair of earrings on the day of the wedding.

Angola

 

Traditional Angolan jewelry roots from the tribes of Angola. Each tribe established its own color. Vilanda, necklaces made from colorful beads are worn to represent their age. The more Vilanda they wear, the older they are.

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda are famous for their calm beaches and magnificent coral reefs. It is only apt that their traditional pieces of jewelry were made from fan corals and other natural objects like palm and leather. At present, Antigua is famous for its lavender-colored jade gemstones that are also dubbed as the stone of angels, which exudes pure energy for spiritual nourishment.

Argentina

Sun coin necklace

The sun of May or the sun coin of Argentina represents the Incan God. This serves as the national symbol for Argentina that also represents the history of the country.

Inca Rose Jewelry

 

Argentina is the home of Rhodochrosite, a manganese-containing mineral commonly known as Inca rose and is the national gemstone of Argentina. Consequently, pieces of jewelry highlighting this pink gemstone currently represent the tradition of the country.

Armenia

 

Yerevantsi / CC BY-SA

Traditional Armenian jewelry is elaborately designed adorned with luxurious stones that represent their wealth that even the men also wore these elaborate bracelets and belts.

Headdress

A typical headdress for women is characterized by rows of chains made from silver embellished with coin pendants. The sound it creates is believed to drive away evil spirits comparable to a thunder produced by the heavens.

Belts made from a silver base represent masculinity. While a gold one signifies wealth.

Taraz Jewelry is passed on to the next generation, much like an heirloom.

Pomegranate is a traditional Armenian symbol that represents prosperity and fertility according to their folklore.

Australia

YippeeD / CC BY-SA

Aboriginal Australian jewelry represents the diverse ethnic background of the country. As the jewelry made from Australia was not marked in the olden times, there was no way to prove that the jewelry was of Australian origin. However, gemstones such as opals, Australian blue, and yellow sapphires were said to have been utilized in the 19^th century. The Australian flora design was another basis for identifying traditional pieces of Australian origin.

Austria

The Austrian crown

 

Dennis Jarvis / CC BY-SA

Austria was previously led by royal families before this was officially abolished in the 19^th century. Their traditional jewelry was that of the imperial family with a lavishly ornamented necklace, earring, and of course, tiaras and crowns. The crown of the former King Rudolf II was made from a solid gold base embellished with expensive stones like diamond, rubies, pearls, and sapphires.

As of today, Austria is famous for its Austrian crystals used on jewelry as well as for interior designs.

Azerbaijan

 

Fabienkhan / CC BY-SA

Azerbaijan jewelry was worn for decorative purposes that represent one's social class and wealth. These also represent the origin of the jewelry. They were elaborate and massive made from a gold base. There is an assortment of types of jewelry for women. Head jewels comprise the forehead (alinligs), temporal, and ear (Sirga) accessories. Large belts were also made from solid gold decorated with enamel and colorful gems. Young brides wore these when they go out of their homes and during festivities. Goldbag or bracelets were made of a combination of small and large beads or made from silver styled with a filigree pattern.

Baden

Charivari chain

 

Usien / CC BY-SA

Made from silver or a silver-coated chain, originally a part of Bavarian costume jewelry decorated with coins, gemstones, animal teeth, and other trinkets that act as a talisman to harness a successful hunt. Baden's Charivari was made of a string of coins in various sizes with rounded hooks.

Bahamas

 

Much like any other place near the ocean, the Bahamas' traditional jewelry was made from natural origins such as seashells, corals, and sea glass. 

Bahrain

Bahrain jewelry, like any Arab country, is characterized mainly by large and thick pieces of gold. It is all about the gold and not the stones. This is what sets Bahrain and other Arabic countries apart from others, although they also accentuate their jewelry with real pearls and gemstones. Decorative headdresses (tassa) for the bride are made from a solid gold base. Intricately engraved with Islamic patterns and decorated with red, green, and green cabochon accents. The side is embellished with a throng of golden chains that hangs like a curtain. Other than the Tassa, the bride would also wear five bracelets, each linked to a ring worn on each finger. A pair of luxurious earrings, a long necklace with gigantic disc pendants complemented by a thick choker.

Bangladesh

 

Traditional Bangladesh jewelry is characterized by a repousse technique, enameled, filigree patterns, pink pearls, and a silver or gold base. Bangladesh pieces of jewelry are known for being light while displaying intricately designed pieces of jewelry. Repousse utilizes thin sheets of gold or silver that require a highly skilled artisan to create. The ethnic tribes of Bangladesh like the Chakmas, Garo, Murong, and others used silver and colorful beads for their accessories.

Chakma jewelry

Chakma jewelry pieces are fashioned from a silver base. Long silver chain necklaces and belts are embellished with thin coin pendants. A large pair of circular earrings or a dangle earring displaying the same motif complements this design.

Garo and Murong jewelry

Their jewelry designs are mainly made of colorful beads from the headgear, earrings, and necklaces.

Barbados

Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen / CC BY-SA

Being a part of the Caribbean peninsula and of a Bajan Ethnic background. Objects found on their shorelines, pearls, and wood characterize the traditional jewelry of Barbados.  These are long beaded necklaces, stacks of shell bracelets, and hoop earrings. These are to complements their vibrantly colored clothes and a carefree lifestyle.

Belize

 

Belizean culture is a combination of various ethnicity, from the Kreol, mestizos, to the Germans.  The aboriginals people of Belize came from the Olmec’s and of the Mayan civilization. Jades were regarded with more importance than gold. Some of these were found

Benin (Dahomey)

Fon Tribe

 

Alfred Weidinger / CC BY

Being a part of the African countries, Traditional Benin jewelry we also made from stones, shells, and beads. The Fon and the Yoruba tribe play a huge on Benin Jewelry. The Fon tribe practices Vodon's belief. Accessories, particularly of the Vodoun priest, are made animal bone, shells, and stones. These are considered elements of the Earth.

Yoruba tribe

 

Awoalex / CC BY-SA

Yoruba tribe, on the other hand, believes in Orisha. We may think that they just have the affinity to colorful beads, but some necklaces consist of calculated numbers of materials and colors. Elekes, these are the reception of the sacred beaded necklaces.

Assumed to be of Benin origin, this unidentified arm bracelet is made from a silver alloy dating back to the 19^th century. It is characterized by a cuff-like

Hey – the beaded necklace contains Carmelite, white, black, red, and brown.

Obbatala – The sacred necklace consist of transparent, white, red, mother of pearl, ivory, and coral.

Eleggua – The necklace is made up of black, white, red, and transparent beads.

Oshun – Composed of beads with yellow, amber, honey, crystal, green, red, mother pearl, coral beads, and jet.

Yemaya – Navy and light blue, transparent and red beads.

Oggun -  Combination of green, black, red beads, and jet.

Olokun – the necklace consists of green, navy blue crystals, coral, red, and light blue beads.

Bolivia Peru Chile

Aguayo cloth is a large rectangular woven blanket used by the Aymara to carry a child or pieces of stuff on their back and secured by a knot on the front. It serves as a cape as well as a backpack of some sort.

Lliklla

These are handwoven colorful rectangular cloth worn by the Quechuan as a cape and fastened by a Tupu, decorated pin.

Bolivian traditional jewelry can be traced to Aymara and Quechan indigenous roots. Quechuas are the ethnic people living in Peru and other Latin American countries. They have Incan descent, which is probably why Bolivian jewelry is a combination of Incan and Aymara influence.

 

The Aymara tribe comes from a more traditional design made from colorful beads. They are more known for their bright dress, with layered skirts and bowler hats.  At present, like many Latin American countries, Bolivia also wears Chola-style jewelry characterized by large gold and silver adornment, encrusted with pearls and other colorful gemstones. This is to complement their traditional dress called Pollera.

Ametrine

Rojk / CC BY-SA

Bolivia is now known for its Ametrine, once only mined form Bolivia but is now found in other countries. Bolivianite is a has a purple and yellow hue in combined in a single gemstone.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Copper and brass cuff bracelet

Jakicar or a married woman's belt

Fashioned from a leather base, adorned with rows of riveted pieces of copper, encrusted with oval-shaped carnelians and agates. Part of a married woman's accessory that she wears right after her nuptial.

Botswana

Totems

 

Tswana people mostly use leather for their clothing, while those considered wealthy wear an additional fur coat from animals. Tswana's traditional jewelry is made from copper wires, leather, teeth, glass beads, and shells.

Brazil

 

Vintage Jewellery UK / CC BY-SA

Brazil is known for its traditional bracelet called balangandan. A bracelet with charms, amulets, and other decoration fastened together, forming a bracelet. The name came from the sound it produces when moved. The bracelet has a West African influence from countries like Benin and Congo where the metal casting was used. The African tribal design is also observed on this bracelet. This was initially used as a belt that represents fertility. In late years, after the abolishment of slavery, chunky clusters of talismans (pencas) were worn by women as a social status symbol and for religious events. 

These charms are as follows:

• Pomegranate charm for fertility and civilization.
• Cashew fruit charm for abundance
• Grape charm for celebrations, festivities and a bountiful harvest.
• Dog charm represents Omulu.
• Star charm for protection from evil entities.
• Moon charm also for protection and representation for Oxossi.
• Tambourine charm for the God of war Ogum that represents courage and valor.
• Drum charm for ever-present African-Brazilian rituals.
• Hatchet charm for protection as well.
• Key charm for locking the human body protected from the evil spirits.

Brunei

Bedadak

 

Brunei follows the Malay culture with an Islamic belief. Other countries with the Islamic religion, Brunei, follows a traditional Malay wedding complete with all its accessories. These are:

Hat called Kopiah Berpisnin (for Men)

Golden thick belt with a large buckle called Panding (For Men)

Epaulette or shoulder ornaments are called Kuas, which is worn over the shoulders. (For Men)

A stack of rounded gold bangles in different sizes called Gelang Penguluan (For Men and Women)

Golden arm bracelet called Sindat (For women)

Necklace called Kanching Mudapun. This is characterized by a thick golden chain with a cascading front made of three tiers of triangles. (For Men and Women)

Golden anklets called Gelang Geronchong. (For Men)

Tiara was worn on the forehead under the crown called Serbang (For Men and Women)

Crown called Bunga Goyang (For Men and Women)

A ceremonial dagger/knife called Keris. (For Men)

Ayam-ayam Bernaga. (For Men)

Arm bracelet called Puntu. (For Men)

Bracelets called Azimat and Gimat. (For Men)

Brunswick and Lüneburg

Brunswick tiara

Initially a part of the Germanic confederation and headed by an imperial leader. The most iconic jewelry that can represent Brunswick prior to the end of the monarch era would be the Brunswick tiara. The tiara is of French origin, a part of the former Empress Josephine's collection. Prince Ernst August, as a bridal gift for Princess Victoria Louise, bought it.  The tiara is now a property of Princess Caroline of Monaco.

Bulgaria

By Ivorrusev - A photo for the Centre of Thracology "Alexander Fol", Nikolay GenovPreviously published: http://bulgarianheritage.bulgariana.eu/jspui/handle/pub/571, CC BY 3.0

 UNESCO recognizes Bulgaria as a cultural heritage rich in tradition seen on their arts and music, festivities, and their way of life. Even after being conquered by the Persian, Ottoman, and the Romans, they have preserved their individuality and tradition.

Balkans has mainly influenced Bulgarian jewelry, particularly the Thracians. Thracians were supposed to be warriors, according to the Greek poem Iliad. Based on the treasures left behind in Bulgaria, we can identify that the traditional accessories and jewelry of the Thracians are mostly made from gold, silver, and nielo. Nielo is a combination of Sulphur, copper, lead, and silver. They were engraved with traditional; Greek patterns, humans, and horses.

By Ivorrusev - A close-up from the National history museum in Sofia, CC BY-SA 3.0

Head ornaments

Made from a copper base with a slight amount of silver metal. Adorned with pieces of coin dangles to create jiggling music as the wearer dances to the music and to cast away evil spirits. According to the British Museum, the pendant was made of a Turkish coin and Austrian coins, from the time of Leopold, Maria Theresa, Maximilian Josef I, Mahmud II, Charles VI, Maximilian Josef II, Francis I, to Maximilian Josef III and IV. This was a part of a traditional Bulgarian Folk Clothing that is attached to the headscarf.

Belt Buckle

Characterized by flared flanks, it highlights a rose foliage engravings emphasizing a circular center decorated with a pair of fowls eating on top of a podium. The pair of birds denotes marriage, indicating that this was perhaps a gift for the couple.

Trepka – Bulgarian pendant

Tepelik – a round plate worn on top of the head.

Festche – a cap or head accessory for the women.

Prochelnik – A head accessory for the bride given as part of a dowry. It is fastened on the headscarf to dangle in front of the forehead. Characterized by four-layered chains with coin-like pendants, attached to a centerpiece with a bell-like shape. The bird features on this prochelnik represent fertility, the coin dangles caste away evil spirits from the sound it creates. Commonly given with a belt. Bulgarian belt is a part of traditional Bulgarian costume.

Burkina Faso 

Kaitsa

It is traditional for a wife-to-be to wear a scarf symbolizing a married status. The headdress was characterized by a crescent front decorated with rows of Turkish coins in various sizes interlined with strings of orange beads and black beads. Designed with a pair of broad artificial floral accents on each side with colorful yarns stitched on the edges.

Gold-plated Metal Necklace 1800s

A choker necklace was made from a gold-plated silver alloy base. Designed with a crown-like feature, adorned with alternating colored stones outlining three smaller round crystals embedded on top of the front closure. Seven rows of chain hang on the front adorned with rosette motif coins, completed by a crescent-shaped end, colored with green and blue enamel coating. Further decorated with a pair of crescent moon dangle on each end.

Tepeluk 1800s

Women head discs that are sewn over a fez cap to cast away the evil eye. Characterized by a hammered back or a repoussé technique depicting the scene of the birth of Jesus Christ or nativity of Christ surrounded by a milgrain pattern design and a leafy pointed margin. Fabricated from a thing circular-silver alloy with a sequence of leaf-like pendants surrounding the lamellar disc creating a sun-like figure.

Podbradnik 1800s

Part of a traditional headdress worn or each side of the headscarf. The chin chain is left to hang under the chin. Characterized by a triangular top colored with green and red enamel coat. Connected to a chain mesh decorated by a throng of hammered metal leaf engraved with circular and dot patterns, and a jagged base. Fashioned from a typical copper alloy base with a small amount and silver and arsenic.

This is connected to the inner or outer scarf as a weight to keep then in place

Cameroon

Cameroon is home to many ethnic groups, which is why it is dubbed a little Africa. Typical of African descent, tribal designed pieces of jewelry are one of the most iconic accessories that they wear. Adornment of cowrie shell sewn on traditional clothing complemented by strings of necklaces made from cowries and wooden beads is seen on the Bubungo tribe live on the North West of Cameroon.

Njang Dickson Akwo / CC BY-SA

Tribal jewelry can be observed with the Behon and Bepi Tribe characterized by pointed necklace adoration made from animal and plant origin

Canada

 

Today, Canada is known for its diamonds. Canadian diamonds are more valued than those mined in other countries are. This is mainly due to the cost of mining like machines, climate, and, most of all; they follow the highest environmental standards.

China

When we hear of jade, we automatically think of China. This is because, among all the gemstones, China deems jades highly. You may have heard of the jade emperor. He is one of the purest Gods. Jade is also associated with good health and fortune. They were carved into animal shapes and used as a talisman.

Shang dynasty

 

Zcm11 / CC BY-SA

Jade took the limelight during the Shang dynasty. Intricately carved jades were coveted as artisan proves their skills. Pieces of jade ornament, jewelry, and sculpture displaying mystical Chinese dragons were one of their celebrated designs.

Hairpins were made of ivory and bones intricately carved to various ornamental shapes like birds and flowers.

Warrior Belt was made of copper or gold depicting a dragon, which is an integral part of Chinese belief.

Song Dynasty

 

The traditional Song dynasty jewelry was described to be delicate and somewhat three-dimensional. Compared to the Tang dynasty that has been influenced by western jewelry designs, filigree, the Song dynasty was more focused on Chines cultures. Their war with the Mongols may be the cause for their highly military atmosphere closing trades with other countries. Butterflies and florals motifs adorned with pearls and jade were shown on their designs.

Three golds

Gold ring, bracelet, and a necklace were a traditional gift and jewelry ensemble for the bride to be of this era's wedding. However, jades are still more valued than gold. Jade represents prosperity, while gold signifies wealth.

Tang Dynasty

Considered the Golden age and the highest point in China's history. Elaborate headdress and phoenix design with the use or the repoussé technique rather than traditional metal casting.

Ming dynasty

Mlogic / CC BY-SA

Cabochon gemstone such as amethyst, jade, agate, chalcedony, and quartz.

Qing Dynasty

Fingernail guards

 

Peter d'Aprix / CC BY-SA

Men and women would use these to protect their long nails from chipping.

Tiaras

Members of the royal family would wear tiaras with chain dangles

Earrings

Typical of traditional Chinese earrings were used as a talisman to repel evil spirits that may claim the body. Earplugs were the catalyst of the classic chines earrings; they were used pinned on the hair when not in use and covered the ears during rest and when practicing self-discipline. The earplug represents the belief of not believing in what you hear unless you have seen it yourself.

Bracelets

 

Made of various shades of jade worn for protection and healing. Dark green jades represent good health, while the lightening of jade represents poor health and impending diseases. Beaded Jade was also used honoring the Buddhist religion. Tied by an elastic rope string with a bottle gourd-like central accent. Gold and silver bangled were also used together with jades and other gemstones.

Necklaces

Delicate looking with drops of beads and gemstones. However, imperial necklaces are made of frivolous gold together with their elaborate headdress and other ceremonial pieces of jewelry.

Rings

Rings were worn as signals to their kings. When worn on the left hand, this represents pregnancy and menstrual period. Other than that, they were worn on their right hand.

Colombia

Quimbaya Tribe

 

By https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.358, CC0

A civilization known for their gold-crafting techniques and accurate designs. They were also said to be cannibals associated with their victory against their nemesis. They utilize a tumbaga base, consisting of 30 parts of copper that exude lovely colored pieces. This was used, resulting in the scarcity of gold in the region.

Calima Culture

 

By Nalin Singapuri - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0

Another pre-Columbian culture that has a significant influence on Columbian jewelry. Composed of four subcultures located on the four portions of the valley. These are the Ilama, the Yotoco, the Sonso, and the Malagana.  The Ilama's were known for their black and red ceramics, The Yoyoco for their polychromatic ceramics, and hammered gold works. The Sons were known for their mixed copper and gold casting, while the Malagana's for their burnished ceramics and ocarinas.

Congo Free State, The

The country of conge achieved its independence in 1960. Congolese are known to be fun-loving people rooted in their rich heritage. Various tribes have endured and survived with previous wars between the ethnics and the military. One of the largest ethnic group is the Congo tribe. Congo was the center of trade where jewelry and fabrics were traded for copper and even slaves.

Tribal jewelry designs are highlighted in the traditional Congolese jewelry.

Congo ceremonial circle

 

Sainte-Geneviève Library / CC BY 2.0 FR

This artifact dated back from the 17^th century that was assumed to be from Congo based on its design. Fashion from wicker, wood, and bark with an unidentified use

Kuba headdress

A traditional headdress worn by the chief or the leader of the tribe used during rituals and memorials. The stitched set of cowrie shell denotes that the head ornament belongs to an aged high-ranking male, which is a symbol of high status. Hats, according to the Kuba tribe, represent adulthood, triumph, and responsibilities.

Costa Rica

Part of the Latin American countries, Costa Rica is known for its sea glass, beach wood, and shell jewelry. Modern Costa Rican accessories are mostly inspired by nature and the glorious Brazilian tourmaline. Pura Vida, meaning pure life, is the way of life followed by the Costa Ricans.

Wood Bangles

Jade Necklace

Jade and jadeite’s green shade is believed to be a symbol of power in ancient Costa Rica. This is similar to other green colored gemstones such as serpentine and green jasper. They fabricate jade products through drilling, carving, engraving, and other techniques. Some of the most famous designs are:

Axe God

 

These are stylized cylindrical pendants with engraved deity carving on the uppermost part of the pendant, followed with a shoulder with a crossed arm design.

Bird Earrings

 

Highlighting an intricately carved avian headset on a cylindrical bottom. The relief is slimmer than the hilt, replicating a tail or wing-like feature. These are used by the shamans of the tribe.

Bar Jades

 

These are horizontal and rectangular in form, representing a bat.

Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

The Baule people represent the largest ethnic group living in the Ivory Coast. Belonging to the Akan civilization that is also living in Ghana. They were known agriculturalists of yam and corn.

Baule enamel earrings

 

An artifact that dates back from the 16^th century, fashioned from a gold and silver base. A traditional huggie earring decorated with amber and enamels. It displays a classic design of a monkey and a pestle. The monkeys are believed to be a mediator during foretelling rituals. It is also used for protection against enchanters and evil spirits.

Croatia

Croatina jewelry is a blending four cultures, namely Roman, Byzantine, Mitteeuropa, and Mediterranean.

Button earrings / Sibenik Botun

Associated with eth SIbenik buttons of the Sibenik region of Croatia. These ornate buttons are styled with a filigree design used on male traditional costumes.

Dalmatian Earrings

Originated in the early 18^th century. Marigold, sunflowers, and daisies are the floral designs of choice with additional filigree patterns. Fashioned through forging or casting using gold or silver metals.

Recine

These are ornamented hoop earrings with a crescent design, accentuated by a botun or a floral design.

Cyprus

 

The history of Cypriot jewelry was said to have started during the Bronze Age. Artifacts of accessories made from shells and gemstones were found all over Cyprus. They were master artisan parallel to the Egyptians by the middle of the said era, able to construct pieces of jewelry with filigree, niello, and granulation techniques

By the 17^th century, repousse technique was utilized together with granulation and enameling. They have adopted both the Roman and Greek designs, such as the olive wreath making it hard to distinguish from which country it originated.

Czechoslovakia

Order of the white-collar

 

Borodun / CC BY-SA

Dating back from 1922-1948, this collar necklace where the badge of the order id fastened.

 The Badge for the Order (older version)

Characterized by a five-pointed star enameled with a red color emphasize various coat of arms design from the countries of Ruthenia, Slovakia, Bohemia, and Silesia, which were all on the same state in eth past.

The new version

 

Czech glass beads

 

Currently known for their vibrant colors and faceted surface, reflecting a medley of colors. These lovely pieced do not contain any lead making it safe to wear.

Denmark

Danes were previously a part of the North Germanic tribe of Scandinavia and is now called the kingdom of Denmark. The Vikings have a significant influence on Denmark’s jewelry designs. Also following the Norse religious belief. Many of their traditional accessories display the Gods and their symbols.

Mjolnir

 

Gunnar Creutz / CC BY-SA

Nowadays, who does not know Thor and his hammer, Mjolnir? The greatest e weapon used by the son of Odin. Created by dwarves named Brokkr and Sindri through a dare and taunting of Loki.

Thor’s hammer and the Christian cross

 

By Zwölfhundertvierunddreißig - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0

During the 10^th century, when the Danes have started converting to the Christian religion, many of their designs were combined with the Cross symbol displayed in an artifact belonging to the Hindesee treasure. The ornament was fabricated with the integrated features od Thor’s hammer and the Christian cross, made from a gold base.

Dominican Republic

Taino Jewelry

 

Metropolitan Museum of Art / CC0

Taino were the aboriginal people of the Caribbean countries where the Dominican Republic belongs. They were led by a chief called caciques. Only he has the luxury to wear a gold alloy pendant called guanine or tumbaga by the South Americans. They value the reddish color associating it with supernatural powers. Taino women wore jewelry made from gold, shells, and marbles

Larimar

 

A blue gemstone, also known as Stefilia’s stone, found in the Dominican Republic. Its name hails for Miguel Mendez’s daughter name Larissa, combined with the Spanish word for sea, which is Mar.

The Cayman Islands

Tortoise shell

 

Cleveland Museum of Art / CC0

Known for a large number of turtle. The island has served as an ideal breeding ground for the green and hawksbill turtle specie. These turtles were a source of food, believed to be a superfood that can cure syphilis and skin diseases. The covering of the hawksbill turtle was utilized to make ornamental combs, jewelry inlaid, and jewel boxes.

Black Coral

 

By Tsai ming lun - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0

Also known as thorn coral, characterized by their distinct dark brown to jet-black hue. In Chinese and Hawaiian culture, they are used as a medicinal drug, while Indonesians believe that its dark coloration serves as a cure and protection from evil spirits.

Chile

 

Dorieo / CC BY-SA

The Mapuche people are the largest native inhabitant of Chile. Together with their traditional Mapuche dress, Mapuche jewelry is also highly ornate. Characterized by geometrical shaped features such as circular, squares, and rectangles that are linked to the mysteries of the land and the Gods. Mostly worn as a talisman to protect them from demonic entities.

Tiarilongko - a silver ornament placed on women’s forehead like a circlet. Made from a silver base, a series of engraved circular pendants accentuate this headpiece.

Chaguay - Silver earrings to complement the Tiarlongko. A circular pendant highlighting hollow filigree edges lined to tiny cabochon dangles surmounted by a hook clasp adorned with a floral motif encrusted with enamels or gemstones.

Akucha pins – also known as breast pins. Highly ornamented primarily used to protect the body part housing a critical structure.

Egypt

It is safe to contemplate that most people would be aware of how traditional Egyptian jewelry would look like for these are highly publicized pieces excavated from the tombs of the pharaohs. Most of Egyptian arts and jewelry are based on religious belief and functionality.

Flint knife

 

By Cc-by-sa-3.0-fr, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr

Dating back from 3450BC, this flint knife made from an ivory base is believed to be an ornament fastened on clothed and not used as a knife. It is characterized by a blade made of Egyptian flint designed with ripple flakes. The handle is made of ivory, engraved with a Mesopotamian king on the front, and a battle scene on the other. This may represent a victorious event.

Bone Serpentine Bracelet

 

By This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy, CC0.

The bracelet dates back form eth 440 BC. Characterized by a collection of beads made of bones, shells, and serpentines tied by a string.

Scarab Ring

 

By This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy, CC0

Ancient Egyptian believes that a scarab beetle represents eternal life, protection, transformation, and rebirth. This is displayed by how they live. Their life is centered in the dung ball they made where their eggs are laid and feed their young. The scarab is made of lapis lazuli gemstone depicting the magnificent blue color of the heavens, valued highly by the Egyptians.

Turquoise pendant

 

By https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.39, CC0

The light blue color of turquoise is associated with the Egyptians Goddess Hathor. This was popular during the later part of ancient Egypt due to its greenish tint that creates happiness.

Serpentine Scarab necklace

 

By This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy, CC0

Having a color of dark green to black, serpentine is the most sought after gemstone in replicating scarab pieces of jewelry.

Collar

 

By This file was donated to Wikimedia Commons as part of a project by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. See the Image and Data Resources Open Access Policy, CC0

Commonly worn by men and women, this collar made with a gold base highlighting Horus' eagle head on each end. The bib is embellished with gemstones such as carnelian, turquoise, and gold beads.

Chest jewelry

 

By Unknown author, Public Domain

This chest jewelry made from a gold base depicts Horus in his animal form surmounted by the Sun Disk. Embellished with various colored gemstones with a pair of ankh sitting on top of his claws. This piece dates back from the 1325BC.

Signet ring

 

By Ángel M. Felicísimo from Mérida, España - Anillo de Sheshonq, CC BY 2.0

This Egyptian signet ring that dates back between 664-525BC

Fly Amulet / Necklace

 

One of the constant jewelry for the Egyptians was amulets. These are sometimes worn together with their decorative accessories for protection. Some are even found wrap with the deceased for their belief in afterlife. Powers of protection coming from these protective pieces depend on the designs. Amulets depicting their Gods prompted the powers of the Gods. When the charm is shaped like a body part, this signifies the wish to protect that specific body part. The animal amulet represents the request to acquire the skills of the animals.

We can only deduce the meaning of a fly amulet. However, this was used during the new kingdom as a testament of valor. This was a symbol of persistence e, according to the scholars. However, it is still being debated whether these are exclusively awarded to the individuals with a military position or can be distributed to average citizens.

Hamsa

Comparable to Tunisia and the Netherlands, Hamsa is a part of their traditional jewelry worn as a talisman against the effects of the evil eye. An evil eye is a curse cast by a vindictive glare that may cause injury and misfortune. This is done when the one being cursed is unaware. The idea of the Hamsa is that the eye cast the curse back to those who cast the curse, therefore protecting the wearer.

Ethiopia

Fertility Beads 

A traditional silver alloy amulet made with pendants shaped like breast tied around the head of women who wants to bear a child.

The varied culture and ethnicity residing in Ethiopia are seen in their jewelry. Traditional Ethiopian jewelry was made of silver, gold, ivory, and bronze made to various pieces of jewelry with a hint of tribal, Islamic, and Christian influence.

Fiji

Fijians are the ethnic group living in Fiji. Previously labeled to practice cannibalism as part of a victorious ceremony against their enemy. Their tradition is centered on ritual to bond the community.

Sperm Whale Teeth Necklace

 

A necklace fashioned with a series of sperm whale teeth tied by an unidentified plant fiber. Fijians monetary system was with the use of polished teeth of sperm whales called tabua.

France

It was said that the French jewelry industry started to boom during Napoleon's time prior to his time, jewelry making was prohibited.

Parure

Sailko / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)

These are matching set of jewelry highlighting the same theme and gemstones. Jewelry set containing a tiara, bracelets, luxurious earrings, and elaborate necklaces. Some also include an ornamental belt clasp and comb hairpins.

Cameo

 

Inspired by the crown of Napoleon, cameos are characterized by a curved surface usually carved from a hard gemstone and porcelain.

Art Noveau

Vassil / CC0 

These are elaborate pieces of jewelry made with feminine curves and shapes, highlighting flowers and animal designs.

Art Deco

SiefkinDR / CC BY-SA

From elaborate and traditional style comes after a modern and minimalist style deco. This is to cater to the empowered women right after the world war I that phase out the jewelry industry of the previous era.

French Crown

Crown of Lois the 15^th

 

John Salatas / CC BY-SA

The crown of Louis XV is the only surviving crown from the ancient French revolution. Characterized by a fleur de Lis bottom design, with eight pieces of Mazarin diamonds. Rows of pearls, diamond, and gemstone are encrusted on to the gold circlet.

Germany

 

By Sean Pathasema/Birmingham Museum of Art, CC BY 3.0

Traditional German jewelry is characterized by a neo-classical frame encrusted with cameo accents. Mostly depicting natural motifs such as edelweiss, trefoils, and butterflies. Made with exceptionally delicate and details filigree frames, lacquered with black. The black coating was initially to prevent the jewelry from rusting. However, its black coloration became a trend as a piece of mourning jewelry. The black iron coating consists of pure iron and 0.7% phosphorus.

Rope Cord Necklace 

The iconic rope cord necklace of Germany. Edelweiss is a common jewelry design for the Bavarians. This denotes purity, for they only grow on remote portions of the alps. According to folklore, edelweiss came from a single drop from an ice queen with a frozen heart. She was brokenhearted when she heard about the unfortunate death of the man she loves, and the extreme sadness melted a fraction of her icy heart just enough for a tear to drop.

Ghana

Powdered Glass Beads

 

By User:EvelynS en.wiki - Self-scanned, CC BY-SA 3.0

Ghana is famously identified with its Krobo beads. Belonging to the African countries, beads were also the highlight of their traditional jewelry. Krobo beads are powder glass beads. These were excavated from the Mapungubwe South Africa that is presumed to date back between 970 to 1000 CE.

At present, these are made from finely ground glass from scarp glasses. Made with the use of vertical clay casts, with a set of hollows for molding. The inner layer is lined with a cassava leaf to easily remove the beads later. The mold is filled with the desired color to give that fused glass finish product.

Akoso Beads

 

By User:EvelynS en.wiki - Self-scanned, CC BY-SA 3.0

A type of Krobo beads that started in the 1950s. These are made from dry core powder glass beads. Commonly in a yellow or green shade, this happens when the outer glass coat is worn-out. Typically styled with crisscross patterns and ovals. Venetian glass is preferred to create an ornamental design on the glass beads. 

Meteyi Beads

By EvelynS en.wiki - Self-scanned, CC BY-SA 3.0

From the Asante tribe, the Meteyi beads are cylindrical in shape made from a horizontal clay cast. They form an ellipse core with a dual texture with a smooth and rough surface on each side, depending on the side exposed to the fire during fabrication. The colors vary from yellow, green, red, or white.

Ateyun Beads

 

By User:EvelynS en.wiki - Self-scanned, CC BY-SA 3.0

Thanks to the Yoruba Tribe with their unique way of creating glass beads. With the use of finely powdered glass, it is moistened with water and manually shaped by hands. The elongated wet tube is then pierced by a stick, creating the inner hollow. It is then cooked or fired. The color of the Ateyun beads is typically red. This is inspired by the corals' appearance. Yoruban people created their own version of coral beads due to the rarity of the beads in their location.

Keta Awuazi

By User:EvelynS en.wiki - Self-scanned, CC BY-SA 3.0

This type of bead is born out of trying to replicate blue beads, which are also rare in Africa. These are cylindrical in shape, made with a clay cast, and have a deep blue color.

Kiffa Beads

By User:EvelynS en.wiki - Self-scanned, CC BY-SA 3.0

Likewise uses the same dry core technique. The difference is the binder used, which is a gum arabic solution. Hand molded and decorated with colorful glass, pierced with a steel needle before firing.

Greece

Dorieo / CC BY-SA

Belt Buckle 1900

Part of the Sarakatsani traditional bridal outfit. This was a part of the groom's wedding gift worn above the abdomen for protection. Characterized by a dome center engraved with floral filigree fashioned from a copper alloy base.

Grenada

 

Located at the West Indies of the Caribbean, known for their pieces of jewelry made with corals. Corals are believed to heal wounds, imparts wisdom, and shied the wearer from evil spirits. 

Guatemala

Mayan Jade Jewelry

 

Wikipedia Loves Art participant "artifacts" / CC BY

The Mayan civilization plays a significant part in Guatemalan jewelry. Jade was used in religious rituals in ancient Mesoamerican culture. Rare having a green shade, jade was initially sourced in Guatemala. Often made into figurines, weapons, and ornamental pieces

Hawaii

Jewelry made with pukka shells represents Hawaii. Formerly used as a lucky charm for voyagers and seamen, Pukka jewelry means a peaceful journey to the waters.

Nihau lei

 

Hiart / CC0

These shell necklaces are intricately made with varying sizes of shells with a longer length and layers.

Hungary

Hungary was a fragment of the Roman Empire prior to the 4^th century before the Hun conquered it. The Huns were nomadic fighters and highly skilled horsemen known to plunder across Europe. They were depicted as savages that came from the Xiongnu people.  After several wars, it gained independence on the 14^th of April in 1849. These artifacts came from a gravesite located in Pest Hungary that is assumed to date between 510 to 568.  The set includes a pair of gold-plated fibulae constructed through the casting technique: a beaded necklace, a belt with an iron buckle, a comb, and a knife.

Iceland

Iceland was also a part of the German countries that had a Norse origin. Their traditional jewelry also evolves with the Norse belief-featuring image of the Gods and their symbols. Runes remain as a constant jewelry design for the Icelanders. Filled with mystery and for its association with magical purposes.

According to the Norse belief, only after enduring much suffering was Odin granted the secrets of the runes. Aegishjalmur is the most popular protection rune used on jewelry. Characterized by an eight-point trident-like feature creating a circular shape. This design was used by warriors to create fear that is advantageous in battles.

India

Indian Jewelry

 

The most famous of the traditional Indian accessories. Describes as colorful, elaborate ad intricately detailed pieces of jewelry, which is undeniably a head-turner. 

• Gold is the primary jewelry base preferred by the Indians, for these represents wealth and fortune. Gold also represents the God of wealth; therefore, it is considered sacred and was never used on accessories worn on feet.
• Gemstones were also a part of the rich Indian culture, for they are believed to bring magical healing powers for good health.

Kudan Jewelry

 

Vassil / CC0

A bridal jewelry characterized by layers of gold, bezel set with gemstones and pearls in various cuts.

Meenakari Jewelry

Identified by the vibrantly colored enamel accents. This is done by coating engraved portions with colorful enamels giving an illusion of a portrait.

Ek Rang Khula

This is done with the use of a single color to match the theme of the wedding dress. The solid color creates a bold statement that accentuates each piece of the bridal jewelry set.

Panchrangi

White, red, green light blue, dark green, and blue are the five shades used on a panchrangi jewelry.

Rajasthani Jewelry

Hiart / CC0

Tokariya Earring

Characterized by a bell looking pair of dangle earrings fastened on a fishhook top. It imbibes ad tribal appeal with the series of tiny bead pendants hanging at the base of the bell-shaped earrings.

Influenced by the Banjara tribe highlighting a tribal version of Indian jewelry. Originally made from silver adorned with colorful beads, shells, coins, and other adornments. This is paired with a similar-looking belt.

Borla – Head Jewelry

This is worn on the head, characterized by a bell-shaped centerpiece placed on the center just above the forehead. This is paired with a detachable side chain called sheeshfool.

Nath – Nose ring

This is a chained nose ring worn on the left nostrils connected to the left earrings. Commonly made of gold with a simple hoop or with an elaborate Kudan design.

Kanthi / Aad Necklace

Characterized by a massive square or rectangular shaped choker necklace with a curtain of chain dangle, the resembles a bib necklace.

Bajubandh

An arm bracelet made of gold, adorned with colorful stoned or enamel with a red, gold, and green thread band.

Thewa Jewelry

CC BY-SA 3.0

This involves a traditional technique by fusing gold with colored glass. This highly detailed artwork involves a considerable amount of time to complete.

Jali Jewelry

Identified with its distinct mesh and filigree design originating from a stone engraving. This technique highlights the base material with its complex latticework feature, Completed with a high polish with a lustrous and brilliant sheen. 

Lac Jewelry

Considered as the most affordable jewelry for it is typically covered with colored lacquer as the main design.

Indonesia

 

Indonesia is made up of various tribes that display their own distinct traditional jewelry.

Batak Toba group - They use copper alloys, ivory, and bone to crafty jewelry and other forms of ornament. They are famous for woven bronze bracelets.

Batak Karo group – Spiral was their central motif to create spiral earrings and bracelets.

Minangkabau group – They use gold jewelry with red coral accents.

West Sumatra – an elaborately decorated headdress made from pure gold is used on wedding ceremonies.

Ireland

Ireland belongs to the Celtic nation, where Celts are the majority of its inhabitants. Irish jewelry is greatly inspired by its ancient belief. Ancient symbols are still seen on today's jewelry preserving its talked about history. 

Claddagh rings

 

I, Royalcladdagh / CC BY-SA

The iconic Irish ring of love. Characterized by two hands cradling a crowned heart. The same features of the ring represent the joining of hand through marriage. The heart represents love surmounted by a crown that signifies loyalty. This was used as an engagement ring in ancient times. The story tells a silversmith named Richard Joyce was captured and sold to a Moorish goldsmith, where he learned how to fabricate jewelry. He designed the Claddagh ring for his girlfriend during his captivity. He was released when King William II ordered the Algerian's to release all British captives. He then came back to his love and presented the Claddagh ring.

Shamrock  

The national symbol of Ireland. The Irish believe in number three as a mystical number. It denotes good luck. The story of the celebration of Saint Patrick speaks of the holy trinity.

Triskele

 

Again, the meaning behind the Triskele revolves around the number of its arm, which is three. This denotes the continuous motion of life, from birth, death, and reincarnation. After the pagans were converted to Christianity, it represents the holy trinity of the Holy Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The cycle of the past, present, and the future.

St Brigid's Cross

 

Culnacreann / CC BY

Saint Brigid is the patron saint of Ireland and dubbed as the Mary of the Gaels. The cross is believed to cast away evil spirits. The story tells the tale of a non-believer pagan chief. Saint Brigid was called upon to calm the hysterical leader. She then gathered the rushes on the flooring and calmly made a cross while explaining the meaning of the Holy cross. The chief then calmed down and requested to be baptized just before his demise.

Trinity knot

 

The meaning behind the trinity knot is almost the same as the Triskele. This represents the holy trinity, and for lovers, the eternal design denotes a lifetime of love resulting in this pattern utilized on wedding and engagement rings. 

Celtic cross

 

The Celtic cross is an iconic cross that represents the conversion of the pagans to Christianity. The cross embodies Christ, while the halo symbolizes the sun that the pagans used to worship.

Celtic Knot and Tree of life

The tree of life represents the balance of the world. The tree of life is made up of endless Celtic knots that connect the ground, root, trunk, branches, leaves, and extending its arms to the heavens.

Irish harp

Also a symbol for Ireland, the Irish harp. Aside from belonging to the Iris coat of arms, it is said to represent the unity of three states.

Italy

Italian jewelry was influenced by the Egyptians in ancient times. Gold was used in the creation of traditional headdresses, rings, and pins. Romans wear jewelry as wealth, the wealthy wear frivolous and extravagant jewelry that; there was a time in history that the emperor had to pass a law limiting a person’s use at a time.

Noblemen and public servants also wear jewelry as a symbol of their community status and position. Gold rings were only allowed when an official is attending important events. They were also used as seals for government officials.

The jewelry was also of religious importance. Finger rings with filigree are symbols of good omens. During the renaissance era, gemstones were the highlight of this time. Form pearls to vibrantly colored gemstones creating unique designs on every piece.

Japan

Magatama

 

あおもりくま、Aomorikuma / CC BY-SA

Characterized by a comma or a half or the yin and yang symbol. These were made of jade or glass, strung together, and worn as a pendant for necklaces.

Hairpins

Popular in the Edo period, these are characterized by dainty floral and birds features with dangling chains.

 

Hiart / CC0

Traditional Japanese jewelry was made from ivory, mother of pearl, gold, silver, and other alloys to produce lovely shade such as shakudo, a combination of blue or black copper-gold. akagane, a red copper shade, shubuichi, which has a silvery gray to silver copper hue.

Kazakhstan

 

Kazakh jewelry is a vital part of Kazakhstan history and tradition. Commonly made from a gold or silver base embellished with precious and semi-precious stones like jasper, chalcedony, amethyst, turquoise, carnelian, corals, rubies, pearls, and topaz for protection. Turquoise is believed to bring protection, carnelian for prosperity and protection against the evil eye, amber for healing, and corals against the spell.

Saukele

Bridal headdress made from red velvet fabric adorned with silver and gemstones topped with proud long red feathers.

Earrings

Earrings were used as a talisman more than for beautification. Women from their childhood wear these. Some of the favorite designs are triangular charms called tmare sare, moon, and bells with dangles, and combest.

Bracelets

The most popular among the blezikh are the devils bless more commonly known as rose hands. Characterized by a chained ring lined to its corresponding bracelet.

Shaprashty bracelets are made of silver and gold with a few diamond or crystal insets.

Blezikh was considered as a luxury blesk made from gold and silver, extravagantly adorned with stones complemented by intricate engravings.

Signet Rings

Signet rings called Kus Tumsyk to repel the evil eye for warriors where an enchanter places a spell to protect their well being during wars. Some signet rings were made in a large dome-shaped top, engraved with filigree highlighting a gemstone centerpiece.

Ring swati is iconic, for it is worn on two fingers. This signifies the union of two hearts, households, and principles.

Amulets

Triangular amulets called Tumar are worn from childhood. Children were believed to be the weakest and vulnerable, and the charm serves to protect the wearer from disease brought about by the evil eye.

Kenya

Tropenmuseum, part of the National Museum of World Cultures / CC BY-SA

The largest tribe that inhabits Kenya is the Kikuyu Tribe. Aside from using colorful beads (mostly red) on their accessories, they are known for their Hangi Earrings. These are large hoops, like the size of a bracelet that is fastened together with a leather circlet to be worn on the forehead while the rings are clustered on each flank right above the ears. Women would wear them directly on their ears, for they are also known to have multiple ear piercings.

Copper was also used in Kenyan jewelry influenced by the Maasai tribe.

Seen in a traditional Kenyan wedding, the bride wears a Dinka or bead corset. Adorned with colorful beads with silver coin dangle and bird-like features that were said to lure the attention of her groom.

Kiribati

Julie Lynfrom Washington, DC, USA / CC BY

Made up of friendly and hospitable people, Kiribati is known for its customs and tradition showcased in their music, dancing, and festivities.

Shell collar

Part of the traditional Kiribati dress for men embellished with cowrie shells tied by nylon cords forming a U-shaped bib necklace. Worn during festive dances highlighting the importance of cowrie shells in their culture. The shape of the cowrie shell represents a female with a hard surface to protect the child with female genitalia in the other.

Korea

Korean jewelry was mostly inspired by the Chinese, Etruscan, and Greek jewelry making highlighting intricate granulation and filigree motifs. Crowns of the imperial family display dangling pendants made from precious gemstones, particularly jade.

Silla Dynasty

 

By PHGCOM - self-made, Guimet Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0

The crown of Silla, made between the 5^th to 6^th centuries, was excavated and placed on the protection of South Korea's national treasury. This was done to duplicate the diamond fund of  Russia. The crown comes in two pieces. The outer delicately crafted crown was made with thin sheets of gold displaying a tree-like feature that symbolizes harvest of plenty with glass dangles that represents the brilliance of the sun. The inner cap is made of gold covered in silk fabric.

Goryeo dynasty

 

By Ismoon (talk) 19:12, 15 December 2017 (UTC) (File:Goryeo-Illustrated_manuscript_of_the_Lotus_Sutra_c.1340.jpg cropped and enlightened with Photoshop) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0

Except for some imperial crowns, the Goryeo dynasty did not focus on creating jewelry; instead, they used their metals in constructing religious statues.

Joseon Dynasty

Norigae

 

Korean_clothing-Hanbok-Dangui-Cheopji-Norigae.jpg: by bdnegin (Brian Negin) / CC BY-SA

Norigae are small ornaments used to tie traditional hanbok, where different charms represent different meanings. Made from high-quality materials such as silk, jade, pearls, gold, and silver.

Bells – cast away evil spirits

Chili peppers – plenty and male children

Ax – Fertility

Butterfly – happiness

Ducks – love

Tiger claws – faithfulness

Hairpins

 

gwangju kimchi / CC BY-SA

Made from pure gold highlighting a Korean dragon. Korean dragons are comparable to the Chinese dragons that bring water to the world.

Jangdo

Functional knife accessory for beatification and protection. These are commonly attached to eth norigae in clusters with a mirror and a comb.

Kosovo

Zeke / CC BY

Donje ljubinje wedding jewelry

Known for their filigree designed jewelry made for accessories used on weddings. The filigree design started in the 15^th century and boomed in the 18^th century.

Kuwait

Traditional Kuwait jewelry consists of:

Al-Baghma - Large necklace adorned with gemstones and colorful beads

Al-khazzama - nose ring

Hejel - anklet

Terchiya - a pair of earrings

khosour - bracelet

Laos

 

Laos, like most countries, houses a diaspora of ethnic groups. Jewelry was a form of investment, ornaments, and a talisman. Belts, rings, torques and bracelets to name a few of the ornaments that highlight the skills of Lao artisans.

Akha group

 

Known for their ornamented headdresses adorned with discs, large silver bells, and spheres. This is paired with torque and a floral engraved bracelet.

Hmong Silver

 

Vietnamese Women's Museum / CC BY-SA

Made from a silver base, part of the traditional bridal gift that is passed from the mother to the daughter.

Malaysia

 

Known for their Large and elaborate gold headdress and accessories, the land of Malays or Malaysia exhibits both Chinese and Indian influences. One distinctly Malaysia headpiece that came from the Langkauska empire is called Kecopong. Characterized by a tall tower-like layered top, supported by a highly ornate and colorful base.

Sarawakian, a Malay bride headdress, has a similarity with the traditional Chinese headpiece. Made from thin sheets of gold, detailed engraving by hammering, with temple curtain chains.

Mali

The Dogon’s are highly religious people who see on their architecture and dances. They are known for their masks and carvings.

Sirige mask

The Sirige Mask is used on funerals. These are only adorned by individuals who have undergone the Sigui ritual that only happens every 60 years.

The Yana Gulay’s mask is adorned to mimic a Fulani woman. The mask is made from a cotton cloth decorated with cowrie shells.

Dogon Necklace

Characterized by a pair of Nommo engravings made from brass. It features a small serpentine stone on the surface, highlighting a center head-like accent. Punched edges are embellished with a series of elongated pendants. This necklace is assumed to be worn by a spiritual priest because of its design.

Malta

 

The traditional jewelry of Malta is made from gold and silver metal depicting a filigree design. Floral, butterflies, dolphins, Maltese cross, and other motifs are used on today’s jewelry. 

Malta Cross

Characterized by four arrowheads with pointed tips converging at the center. Considered as a heraldic cross, established in the 16^th century. The mark of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Micronesia

 

The aboriginal inhabitants of Micronesia are the Chamorro people. Traditional Chamorro jewelry is made up of seashells and tortoise shells that serve as adornment and currency. The spiny oyster shells are commonly used. Jewelers cut the spike to create a disk and strung with a coconut thread.

Mongolia

 

Zazaa Mongolia / CC BY-SA

The Mongolian National costume is called Kalka. Characterized by a pair of large horns or wig decorated with ornate headpins adorned with gemstones such as pearls, corals, and turquoise. The Gigantic headpiece is equipped with a silver cap.

Suyh is a pair of long silver Mongolian earrings traditionally made with red gold or silver. Likewise, these are adorned with colorful gemstones and enamel.

Morocco

 

Moroccan traditional jewelry is big, elaborate, and expensive. It was inspired by the conventional Berber jewelry set that is complete with a headpiece, a pair of earrings, a layered necklace, and temple a temple chain. Not to forget the massive and heavy fibulae.

Myanmar and Thailand

The iconic traditional neck ring of the Kayan people represents its rich heritage and culture. It is customary for women to wear brass ring necks starting when they reach the age of five. Some say that the brass ring was used for beautification as well as protection. The brass neck rings are replaced with longer and larger coils as the woman ages. As the ring grows longer, so does its weight, which results in the deformation of the clavicle. This generates the impression of an elongated neck. Because of this distortion, they were seen unsightly that protected them from being enslaved.

Naga Necklace

Jainamishra at English Wikipedia / CC BY

It is supposed that the Naga necklace came from India and Burma, the former name of Myanmar. This is based on the size of the beads used. Naga necklaces are made with numerous rows of beads woven on to a cotton end clasp. The thickness of the necklace represents the wealth of the wearer. It was initially used as a form of currency.

Macedonia

Sailko / CC BY

Pafta and Nizalka - Bridal Clasp and coin belt 1870s

Worn by the wife-to-be on her wedding day, a gift from her groom. Characterized by a belt buckle with a domed center hooked to a rectangular panel hammered with foliage patterns. Fashioned from a copper base alloyed with silver and arsenic. This is worn right above the coin chain belt made of a combination of gold and silver as part of the bride's dowry.

Igla – Head ornament

Characterized by four rows of chain, joined on each side by a pear-shaped hook with an embossed foliage pattern and a coin chandelier pendant. The second and fourth chain rows are decorated with additional red beads aside from the series of punctured circular coin disk accents.  This is a piece of customary jewelry worn by the bride as she fetches the initial water for her home and on special occasions.

Coin Chain for the Groom

This was part of the groom's nuptial outfit. Worn like a sash, one end hooked on his right chest, while the other is connected to the left section of his waist. Made from a silver alloy chain with Bulgarian coin accents.

Mexico

Also from the Olmec and Aztec descent, sculpted and carved jadeite and turquoise can be seen on most of their traditional jewelry. The reason behind this is their belief that these colored gemstones were highly prized by their gods. The nobles and the imperial family owned these prized pieces of jewelry. On the other hand, regular citizens wore colorful beaded jewelry.

Aztec double-headed serpent turquoise jewelry

 

British Museum / CC BY-SA

Snakes were known to be a holy symbol for the Aztecs representing a serpent God named Quetzalcoatl. A double-headed serpent represents the heavens, particularly when depicted with an open mouth signifying an entrance to the netherworld. This particular piece displayed an assortment of materials from turquoise, shells, resins, and others. The Mosaic represents the unshed old skin of the serpent. Snakes represent rebirth while the turquoise embodies the color of the water, symbolizing renaissance. The priests used turquoise made accessories during religious ceremonies.

Olmec jadeite pendant

 

Wikipedia Loves Art participant "artifacts" / CC BY

Found in Guerrero dating back between 600-1000BC. This artifact was made from a jadeite stone used as a part of jewelry. 

Jaguar claw necklace

 

Assumed to be as an artifact from Mexico or Honduras, this traditional jadeite necklace displays a claw-like shape that of a jaguar.

Morocco

Berber jewelry

 

Berber jewelry is characterized by large earrings, bracelets, necklaces, adorned with amber, coins, and other precious gemstones like corals, pearls, shells, and others. It is a tradition for the Berbers to pass on heirlooms to the next generation. Aside from being an ornament, a talisman, and a tool, Berber jewelry also serves a form of investment, which can be traded for money.

Symbolic jewelry

A jewelry combination of a silver bracelet, pins, and khamsa represents love.

Khamsa

Khamsa / five is represented by a hand with five fingers, which is the five pillars of the Islamic faith. Characterized with an open hand with an open eye located at the center of the palm as a talisman to cast away the evil eye. This design is not exclusive on pieces of jewelry but also seen on walls and entrances.

Agadez / Southern Cross

Sir James / CC BY

This is a typical traditional Moroccan jewelry design inspired by the Touareg Tribe, which also belongs to the Berber group. This is a representation of a constellation found in the southern sky of Morocco that is distinguished with a kite-shaped asterism. This accessory is passed from a father to the son at a certain age, a representation that the son is free to journey to all directions embodied by the pour points similar to that of the compass.

Tazra

 

Tropenmuseum, part of the National Museum of World Cultures / CC BY-SA

Characterized by a by double rows of cylindrical coral bead necklace fastened by a cotton string. Adorned with bulbous pendants embellished with dark blue enamels consistent with the Moroccans design.

Namibia

Namibia’s largest ethnic group is the Himba tribe. Known for their red skin covered with otijize paste made from ocher pigment and butterfat. The paste protects them from insect bites and the heat. Due to the scarcity of water, they use smoke incense consisting of aromatic herbs with antibacterial property to cleanse themselves.

Erembre is a decorated headpiece that denotes a married status.

Ohumba is a necklace given by the mother to her daughter. Highlighting a single large while shell that denotes fertility.

Nepal

 

Nirmal Dulal / CC BY-SA

Potte necklace – a piece of jewelry presented by the mother-in-law to the bride on the wedding day. A symbol of marriage is comparable to a wedding ring. Typically made up of a cluster of stringed glass beads in red color.

Phuli- nose rings are worn by the women made from silver or gold metal likewise symbolizes marriage. This can be a simple stud or disk shape garbed on the left side of the nose.

Jun clip - It can either be made of silver or gold. Characterized by a crescent moon shape, surmounted by a star. Pieces of gemstones are set on a floral engraved surface.

Tayo – The largest ornament among the ethnic jewelry. Traditionally made of high-quality 22Karat gold, highlighting a hollow pod-shaped centerpiece. Considered as an enchanted amulet used on various rituals.

Makashi earrings – Worn by the agricultural community located at Kathmandu Valley, this pair of hook earrings displays a wheat-like shape pendant made with either silver or gold metal base.

Netherlands

One of the countries that were influenced by the Berbers

Sinselt / Asherabb

 

Tropenmuseum, part of the National Museum of World Cultures / CC BY-SA

Berber Netherlands Image

Dating back prior to 1961, this link chain with fibulae is used as a neck, chest, and back jewelry soldered from a silver alloy base. A type of clothing pin with a link chain highlighting a turtle designed ends. This a typical Berber design-displaying animal equipped with protective parts like the hard shell of a turtle used as a shield against the evil eye.

Used by the Berber women as talismans as well as a functional tool to warp to wrap their clothes. For ornamentation, these are worn as a part of a dress ornament fastened on the chest portion in attending special events.

Triangles have become a symbol for the Berbers; however, they have also used other shapes like a diamond or a circle. Handed down from a mother to her daughter, this is an heirloom that is guaranteed to be a part of her bridal jewelry.

New Zealand

Maori

 

New Zealand is mainly inhabited by the Maori people. Greenstone or Pounamu is highly valued by the Maori’s. Jade, serpentine, and bowenite are considered a pounamu. A treasure for the Maori used in various objects such as weapons, tools, and jewelry. They were both for ornamental and practical uses.

Nigeria

Youruban tribe

The beaded crown was worn by direct descendants of the Oduduwa. Made up of cloth adorned with colorful glass beads made in the late 19^th century. Highlighting a 3D image of chickens and traditional Youruban patterns.

Oman

 

Traditional Oman jewelry is made of silver and gold, but tradition dictates that only pieces of silver jewelry can be passed from a parent to the child. Used as a talisman, often inscribed with koranic verses, engraved chained woman, adorned with teeth, bones, and corals.

Bridal jewelry sets are composed of Al-daj – large thick necklaces, Al-nas’ah – large earrings, a headdress, a pair of anklet, bracelets, and rings.

Peru

Moche Culture

When we hear of Peru, the Inca civilization automatically comes to our mind. Colorful fabrics, beaded jewelry, and of course, gold. Moche civilization was one of the aboriginal inhabitants of Peru dating back from 1 to 800CE. Pieces of Moche artifact were excavated from burial sites showing their skills in pottery and jewelry making.

 

unforth / CC BY-SA

Headdresses, nose rings, earrings, necklaced, and chest plates were made using gold, silver, and turquoise. The copper wire used in bowls, potteries were decorated with shades of red, brown, and cream. Religious figurines were also found used during ceremonies.

Philippines

Bali-og

 

By Obsidian Soul - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0

The traditional necklace from the ethnic Manobo tribe of Bukidnon. Characterized by a string of colorful beaded necklaces worn in a stack with a bottom beaded fringe design.

Tangkil

From the gadding tribe comes the boar tusk upper arm bracelet called tangkil. These are fashioned for two pieces of wild boar tusks, fastened together by rattan straws making a circular arm accessory. Believe in imparting the wild boar's strength and ferocity to the wearer as he goes hunting.

Baoya

From the cordillera province, a boaya necklace originally fashioned from crocodile teeth or tusks from wild boars, worn by men during ceremonial rites. The boaya (local term for crocodile) teeth is tied by rattan straws and hooked on a necklace made with runo sticks.

Pearl

 

The Philippines is also named the pearl of the orient seas during the Spanish era. Perla de orient, for back then, Manila, the country's capital, was booming in trades. Here is also where the largest pearl was found weighing 34 kilograms.

Poland

 

Amber from the Baltic tree takes center stage in traditional and even modern Poland jewelry. Amber is hardened resin from the Baltic tree. Resin is produced when a tree is injured, like their natural bandage, to cover and protect the wound. It is called the pearl of the North or gold of the North. A Solar amulet made from amber was found in Vistula that was supposed to date back from 25000 BC.

Religious saints and Holy Rosaries made from amber were the initial products made by Polish craftsmen. In the 18^th century, amber beads were made. Part of the Kurpie culture was an amber necklace as part of the groom's dowry.

Portugal

 

Vitavia / CC BY-SA

Traditional Portugal jewelry is made of high-quality gold metals, being one of the countries with the highest gold reserves. Used to enhance beauty, ceremonies, and religious purposes.

Filigree Jewelry

Filigriana or filigree has been part of Portugal’s jewelry designs even before the Roman era. These are done by crocheting thin gold or silver wires, creating interwoven circular designs. Delicate and elegant looking using floral and nature as motifs.

Viana heart

 

Daniel VILLAFRUELA / CC BY-SA

One of the most popular filigree design characterized by a curved heart surmounted by a crown, a version of the flaming/sacred heart of Jesus Christ.

Qatar

 

Bedouins are Arabic nomads that have a significant influence on Qatar’s traditional jewelry. Women wear silver jewelry as a symbol of status, wealth, and protection. Turquoise is preferred, for it was believed to have magical powers. A beautiful gemstone to counter the effects of evil eye. Some say that the color also tells the emotional status of the wearer. Dangling disk is a typical design not for its aesthetics, but for the sound it creates. The tinkling sound was believed to frighten evil spirits.

Romania

Romanian Steel Crown

What is unique about this specific crown is that it is made of steel rather than gold, and it does not have any precious gem adornments. It was fabricated using the steel of a Turkish canon. The steel represents the valor of the Romanian soldiers.

Dacian Bracelet

 

By Unknown author - Photographed by User:CristianChirita on the 24th of June 2011, 21:45:26, GFDL

Dacian jewelry was also found in Romania. The artifact is assumed to have existed since the 1^st century BC. Characterized by a large spiral golden bracelet, with palm leaf engraving at each tapered end depicting a serpent-like feature.

Russia

Kolodochka 

These are tightly knit beads or chains to replicate a serpent's body.

Pearl necklace

These are traditionally worn by women in Russia.

Gaitan

Made with long hollow filigree wire feature chain connected to a medallion or a large pendant.

Odintsy

A pair of dangling earrings with three rod likes pendants. These were made of bones, carnelian, and pearls.

Temple Rings

These are ornate accessories fastened on to the headdress by the temple.

Samoa

 

Samoans are famous for their native tattoo. it is habitual for both men and women to have them. This is a way of honoring their heritage. Samoan tattoo displays rectangular or quadrangular patterns denoting rightness.

Tuiga – Samoan headpiece / crown

Adorned with various materials such as shells, feathers, and hair. Traditionally worn by the Chief’s family before the Samoan dance called taluaga.

Ula Nifo Necklace

A necklace made from whale tooth, which denotes a person’s wealth. 

Saudi Arabia

Arab tradition and religion play an integral part in the life of Arabians. Jewelry is treated as a status symbol. Like the Bedouins, silver jewelry was preferred over gold for these serves as an heirloom passed to their children. Saudi Arabians similarly practice presenting a dowry.

Senegal

Gold. Senegal traditional jewelry is all about the gold. Big, bold, and shiny jewelry masterpiece made by women. Adapting the French’s floral and filigree dome features, also linked to the Islamic faith.

Singapore

 Singaporeans are of Malay, Indian and Eurasian origin. Their journey in creating gold jewelry started in the 14^th century under the Majapahit Empire. At present, gold chains such as wheat, anchor, and herringbone are popular items purchased from Singapore. 

Orchid Jewelry

 

Ekaterina Kvelidze / CC BY-SA

The orchid is the home flower of Singapore. It was chosen for it represents the excellence and identity of the country. Its vibrant shade depicts that of the resilience and perseverance of Singapore. Singaporean orchid named Vanda Miss Joaquim is a hybrid bred by Agnes Joaquim.

The Solomon Islands

 

Shells represent the traditional jewelry of the Solomon Islands. These roots from their location, making use of indigenous material, and creating beautiful ornaments.

 Warrior Armbands

A warrior's armband and headpiece are made of porpoise teeth and shell disks.

Kapkap

Kapkaps are head or chest ornaments using large shells as their base. Santa Cruz tema kapkap is worn by dancers. Characterized by a full moon with a caterpillar figure overlay

Frigate bird kapkap are crescent in shape, highlighting a frigate bird overlay. The bird is believed to show the anglers where to find the tunas. 

Spain

Spain is known for its traditional, religious style jewelry. Spain is made up of mostly of Catholics. Catholics are known for their love of Christ and everything that has come contact with him. 

Spanish Crown

The Spanish royal crown represents the monarchy of Spain. The crown was used in proclamation events since the 18^th century. The crown is paired with a wand. The crown is made of gold-plated silver with no additional gemstones. The base of the crown is engraved with the symbol of the founding monarchs, Castile and Leon. In addition, Fleur de Lis and the heraldic emblem of the house of Bourbon can be seen.

Sri Lanka

Kandyan Jewelry

 

Peter van der Sluijs / CC BY-SA

These are handmade jewelry made especially for the nobles. It is grand and luxurious adorned with symbols of wealth, strength, unity, virtue, and passion. The jewelry set is presented to the bride as a dowry. These consist of 26 pieces of jewelry. A head chain, moon and the sun, a choker, earrings, peti and agasti necklace,  bangles, and a ship chain.,

Tanzania

Maasai

 

The Maasai tribe is known for its jumping dance, red robe, and colorful beaded jewelry. Beads accessories were made from indigenous materials such as bones, seeds, shells, and glass. Wedding collars represent marriage. The quantity of beaded strands represents the number of cows paid as dowry.

Earplugs  

Earlobe stretching is practiced by the Maasai to augment their beauty. Earplugs made of stones, wood, and tusk used to expand their earlobe piercing with the use of mass or more massive sized wads. This the size of the stretched ears denotes their age for older tribesmen would usually have greater stretched piercings. The women also did rook ear piercing, where they garb huge chandelier earrings made of vibrant beads.

Tunisia

Tunisian heritage exhibits overlying mixed cultures from Carthaginian, Roman, Vandal, Jewish to a more recent Arab, Islam, Turkish and French. They like simple and elegant types of jewelry in contrast to their colorful and fluffy dresses.

Traditional Tunisian jewelry is symbolic in nature. These are worn to repel the negative effect of the evil eye. Non-expensive yet elegant, made from gold, silver, or copper, encrusted with amber, emerald, and corals.

Kleda

Dossasyrine / CC BY-SA

 A type of necklace adorned with coins, beads, and amulets.

Turkey

Extravagant, decorative, and vibrant, these are what come to mind when we think of Turkish jewelry. Turkish women prefer sapphires, rubies, and emeralds, while men have an affinity towards agates, turquoise, and tiger-eyes. Unlike in other cultures, Turkish jewelry appreciates the simplicity of the natural shape of their gemstones. Ancient Turks believe in the power of the gemstones

Aigrettes

A headdress with tall white feathers as the main décor. Both by the sultan and the distinguished women belonging to his harem wear these. A symbolic figure that represents high status and power.

Titrek

These are hairpins or brooches are worn on the hair or pinned on the dresses. Characterized by a hanging pendant with natural motifs such as flowers, butterflies, and birds.

pay-i çift Earrings

These are the traditional long drop earrings worn to give emphasis to the elaborate hairstyle of the women. The dangle may be of pearls or other gemstones.

Gold Bangles

Unlike the brooch and earrings, gold bangles are seen as a form of investment that is a part of the dowry prearranged by the grooms prior to their marriage.

Chokers

Characterized by a string of gold coins or pearl pendant fastened on a long chain. The length may vary from the chest to the waist; it can even be as long down to the knees like what the wife of Sultan Mustafa II wore. It was a luxurious piece made with a curtain of pearls and diamonds and emeralds.

Emerald

 

Sacred stone of the Goddess Venus for love and hope. A healing stone for broken hearts and heart diseases. This was also used to calm a person's inner psyche and wisdom. Sultans often bestow this magnificent green gemstone upon their wives that represent loyalty and faithfulness, acting as an invisible bond strengthening their love.

Rubies

 

Rubies are believed to be with the most power among the gemstones. A royalty stone that represents deep affection and strength. Rings adorned with rubies are worn on the left hand to ensure protection. Due to its blood-red shade, it is believed to aid in blood circulation blood diseases.

Agate

 

This reddish-brown stone signifies power and grounding that restrains desires and brings calmness.

United Kingdom

No jewelry can represent the lux tradition and history of the United Kingdom than the imperial regalia.

Scepter

 

By Cyril Davenport (1848 – 1941) - G. Younghusband; C. Davenport (1919). The Crown Jewels of England. London: Cassell & Co. p. 26. (published in the US by Funk & Wagnalls, NY.) For copyright notice, see The Jewel House (1921) opp. page 86., Public Domain

Inspired by the shepherd's staff, this is a decorative rod held by the king during the coronation. It is said to still have the most outstanding record of having the largest diamond in the world. The Cullinan I was a part of an African mined rough diamond weighing 3,106 carats.

Orb

 

By Cyril Davenport (1848 – 1941) - G. Younghusband; C. Davenport (1919). The Crown Jewels of England. London: Cassell & Co. p. 38. (published in the US by Funk & Wagnalls, NY). For copyright notice, see The Jewel House (1921) opp. page 47. First published in The English Regalia by Cyril Davenport, 1897, opp. p. 36., Public Domain

The orb and the cross, the sovereign's orb, is said to weigh around one and a half kilograms, made with a hollow center. Decorated with a 365-pieces of diamonds, 375-pieces of pearls, 18 red rubies, 9 green emerald, 9 blue sapphires, 1 purple amethyst, and a glass crystal. This represents Christ's sovereignty over the world.

Mace

 

By Cyril Davenport (1848–1941) - 'Serjeant-at-Arms' Mace' from: G. Younghusband; C. Davenport (1919). "The Crown Jewels of England". London: Cassell & Co. p. 68., Public Domain

This is used during ceremonial rites as a symbol of authority.

Sword

 

By Cyril Davenport (1848 – 1941) - G. Younghusband; C. Davenport (1919). The Crown Jewels of England. London: Cassell & Co. p. 54. (published in the US by Funk & Wagnalls, NY)., Public Domain

Again an ornamented piece to display the role of the royals being the commander-in-chief of the royal army. There are three swords in total. These are the curtana or the sword of mercy, the sword of temporal justice, and the sword of spiritual righteousness.

Saint Edwards Crown

By United Kingdom Government - This file has been extracted from another file: Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom 1952-12-13.jpg, Public Domain

Named after Saint Edward, this is used to crown the next monarch since the 13^th century. The current version was created for Charles II, made with a solid gold base.  Adorned with a variety of gemstones adding up to a total of 444stones.

Imperial Crown State

 

By Cyril Davenport (1848 – 1941) - G. Younghusband; C. Davenport (1919). The Crown Jewels of England. London: Cassell & Co. p. 6. (published in the US by Funk & Wagnalls, NY.) See also The Jewel House (1921) frontispiece., Public Domain

A copy of the original embellished with the initial set of stones. It contains 273 pieces of pearls, 2,868-pieces of diamonds, 11 green emeralds, 17 blue sapphire sapphires, and 5-pieces of red rubies. This also has the prince of Africa or the Cullinan II, which is a smaller version of the one found on the scepter. It also has the Stuart sapphire and the St. Edwards Sapphire.

Uruguay

Shells

Representing the coastal area of Uruguay, Jewelry pieces made from shells, sea glass, stones, and corals represent the local tradition and history.

Amethyst

 

The national stone of Uruguay. Its magnificent deep purple color is one of the reasons why visitors flock to the country. The property to alter its color depending on the light reflected leaves a mystical feeling and appeal. These are a durable gemstone that can endure everyday wear with the proper amount of care to prevent scratches that may affect its brilliance.

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is composed of many ethnic groups headed primarily by Uzbeks.

Headdress Ornaments - Mokhi tillo Moon

Fashioned from a gilded silver or gold sheet stamped by geometrical decorations, beads, and gemstones. Characterized by an anchor-shaped feature with circular hollow and floral bead patterns. Two side chains hold the centerpiece in place linked to a small, round beaded accent that serves as an eyelet to fasten the ornament to the headdress. Adorned with coral, green, and red crystals, chain curtain dangle creating a light and free-spirited appearance.

Diadem- Tilla bargak (golden leaf )

Sewed to a silk or velvet rectangular fabric with a ribbon rope end used as a tie behind the head. Adorned with gilted silver panels highlighting a circular engraving encrusted with red corals and turquoise. Further decorated with a line of diamond-shaped metals alternately adorned with leaf-like pendant drops.

Bird motif or designs are specific for brides, this denotes a happy family and protection against diseases.

 Earrings - isirga

A pair of tribal inspired chandelier hook earrings made from silver. This pair of hoops was constructed in the 19^th century. Characterized by a filigree motif with chain dangles made of corals, colored glass, and silver beads, and arrowhead tips, engraved with a fleur de Lis design dangles.

Earrings - khalka

Another pair of tribal earrings inspired by a dream catcher. Exhibiting a filigree floral hollow feature, designed with 2 beaded side dangles, highlighting an open floral pendant with three chain pendants. Each chain dangle is lined with red corals, pearls, and more massive corals.

Pendant - gajak

A pendant depicting a floral design. Made with a silver base with circular hollow engravings embedded with small turquoise surrounding a larger red crystal. Further accentuated by dangling chains with iridescent white pearls.

Venezuela

 

Venezuelans are all about comfort and colors. This due to the combined Spanish and Caribbean influence of the past. Simple and elegant jewelry. Beaded necklace, bracelets, large earrings, floral hairpiece.

Vietnam

Traditional wedding jewelry

It is expected for the groom's parents to gift the bride to be with pieces of jewelry during the tea ceremony prior to the marriage. Traditionally, the jewelry set must be made at least a 20karat yellow gold set of bracelet, diamond or crystal drop earrings, and a thick necklace.

Hmomg Tribe

Large hoop earrings

 

Minnesota Historical Society / CC BY-SA

The Hmong's believe that the size of a woman's earring is proportional to how healthy and hardworking she is. This is why some Hmong's wear more than one pair of earrings.  They also have an affinity with the silver metal for this embodies wealth and good health that equally, men and women love to garb ring necklaces.

Necklace

Known as xauv necklace, this is not just a jewelry that represents one's wealth, but it serves as a reminder for the Hmong's of their once tricky situation. These silver ring necklaces were used to identify their ethnicity in previous times. Characterized by big and heavy silver rings that are available in single or in layers.

Earrings

Round Hoops

Comparable to an elegant Arabic earring, Hmong earrings are large and elaborately engraved with a curtain of chain dangles. The round earrings represent the sun and the moons, which are believed by the Hmong's to be the source of power. This is also used as a talisman to cast away evil entities and poisonous winds. Some famous earring designs are hoop arrow, horseshoe, and elongated s-shape with an arrowhead tip.

Württemberg

Württemberg is invaded by the Roman Empire in the 100Ad, it became famous for its crowns

 

By Württembergische

This was made in 1806 for Frederick the first in celebration of realizing a kingdom standing. Made of a diamond base, adorned with diamonds, emeralds, and pearls.

Yemen

Yemenite was a master silversmith from the 18^th century to the 20^th century. They were expert using granulation and filigree technique in fabricating pieces of jewelry. They use high-quality silver having 83% to 92% silver content.

Bracelets

 

By The Israel Museum (Jerusalem), photographed by David Harris - Department of Image Resources & Copyright Management at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem., CC BY-SA 4.0

Labbe Necklace

 

By The Israel Museum (Jerusalem), photographed by David Harris - Department of Image Resources & Copyright Management at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem., CC BY-SA 4.0

Labbe necklaces are traditional bib necklaces made with a gilted silver using filigree and granulation. This was a popular design used by Arabic and Jewish womenfolk. Adapting the light filigree of the Ottoman Empire, these necklaces were adorned with pearls, corals, amber, and corals. Some were also embellished with silver beads and plates.

Zimbabwe

Colorful and rich in tradition. They wear colorful outfits complemented by the colorful beaded accessories typical of the African nation. The tribal clothing consists of a head wrap or a headdress called amacubi, a cape blanket, and jewelry pieces like earrings, bracelets, and necklaces.

Idzilla

Copper or brass rings worn by women on their neck, arms, and legs. These represent one's marital status as well as her pledge loyalty to her husband. The husband is the one who presents the rings to his wife, and she would wear them until she or her husband dies. The rings also symbolize wealth, meaning the more rings she wears, the wealthier they are.

Isigolwani

The type of rings necklace made of coiled glass embellished with bead, worn on ceremonial rites. Some colorful isigolwani are made by twisting grass into a hoop in place of glass. Securely bounded by cotton and later embellished with vibrantly colored beads. The technique used to harden the grass is to boil the whole thing in sugar water and left to dry under the sun.

Shona composes the largest ethnic group in Zimbabwe. They are known for their beautiful sculptures and engravings.

Iporiyana

Beaded breastplate worn by men around their neck cascading on to his front.

Traditional jewelry represents the unique and rich culture of each country. Its difficulties and victory that has brought each of them to what they are today. Leaning what each country's ethnic jewelry gives us a peek on how they once live and make us more grateful of what we partake today. Modernization has many advantages, but we must always go back and remember the journey our ancestors have to go through to get us here. Let us not forget them and, instead, honor them in our own contemporary way. We cannot live in the past, but we can incorporate them into our modern world.